Individual post: How instant photographs works

How instant photographs works?

The instant photographs is a type of photography that generates a developed film image. The most popular types made by Polaroid Corporation. The invention of modern instant cameras is generally credited to American scientist Edwin Land in 1948. To capture a photo in color with a polaroïd we need a polacolor film. The polacolor film is composed of a negative and a positive. The negative is composed of three doubled emulsion layers which are composed of silver halides and dye couplers, which adsorb to the surface of the silver halides, make the crystals sensitive to different colors. In addition to multiple emulsion layers, real films have other layers that are not sensitive to light (top-coated with UV blocking or anti-scratch coatings layers). Each emulsions is sensitive to three colors: the one is blue sensitive, another is green sensitive, and the last is red-sensitive. Below the blue layer is a yellow filter. For example, the blue light affect the emulsion layer which is blue-sensitive and transform the silver halides on this layer to metallic silver (developed silver). All of this without affect the other emulsion layers. The process is the same for others layers. Then, when we pull on tap, a reagent of alkali spills on the negative and the positive. The alkali penetrates the layers of the negative and spills the dye couplers, which will reach the printing paper. The silver halides become metallic silver and the dye couplers is blocked on the layer. Both dye couplers and silver halides exposed intermingle to form colored dyes. The process lasts 30 seconds. At the end, the alkali gets in touch with an acid photographic fixing agent on the printing paper. This acid fixing agent stops others chemical reactions and fixes the formed color dyes. Finally, we obtain a luminous colored picture.

[300 words].

Anaïs Auger.

LADY OSCAR / LA ROSE DE VERSAILLES

Let me introduce to you one of my favorite manga: "Lady Oscar" or called also "La rose de Versailles".

Type of manga:           shojo
Tomes:                       10
Episodes:                   40
Author:                      Riyoko Ikeda
Genre:                       French history, sentimental, war and revolution

Story:

The story of Lady Oscar happens at the end of the eighteenth century in France. Oscar is a young girl raised like a boy because her father was exceeded to have only girls. Military education of Oscar allows her to become the captain of the royal guard, responsible for the protection of the young Dauphine Marie Antoinette. Alongside Oscar, there is Andrew, her childhood friend, secretly in love with her. Together, they will face the first troubles announcing the French Revolution. 

Will they survive to the revolution ?

The grade that I give

Music =          15/20
Story =           17/20
Drawings =     16/20

Total =           16/20

My opinion:

This manga which tells the French revolution through soul-stirring characters, is really fascinating. I find it's a good way to revise the French history or to discover with fun (funnier than a course ;P). I really recommend to reading this manga - especially because of the story in which there are many unexcpeted events. Thus, you never become bored! ;)

Lady Oscar on her horse.

Marvel VS DC

I'm going to talk about the marvel comics business and the opposition between Marvel and DC comics.

Marvel Entertainment and Marvel Comics

Marvel Entertainment was created in 1934 (nineteen thirty four) by Martin Goodman. Marvel entertainment has a catalog more than 5000 (five thousand) characters. The characters were most of the times created by the scenarist Stan Lee. There are 2 main branches: marvel comics for the editions and marvel studio for the films and TV. Marvel Entertainment mainly produces comics and alternatives products.

The branch Marvel Comics was created in 1939 (nineteen thirty nine) by Martin Goodman. Then it was purchased on August 31 (the thirty first) 2009 (two thousand and nine) by the Walt Disney Company. The most famous characters of Marvel are Spider-Man, X-Men, Hulk, Thor, Captain America, Iron Man, Daredevil, Ghost Rider (and so an) … the scenarist Stan Lee was executive editor of Marvel Comics from 1941 (nineteen forty one) to 1942 (nineteen forty two) and from 1945 (nineteen forty five) to 1972 (nineteen seventy two). The current executive editor is Axel Alonso since 2011 (two thousand and eleven). The editions of Marvel comics have currently been published in France by Pannini Comics.

Marvel Comics target an audience of teenagers and adults. The main topics are: the fight between good and evil; the justice; the consequences of the existence of super power.

The Marvel universe

Marvel Universe is a place, where Marvel character’s live. Marvel Universe is a similar world to ours. But in Marvel Universe super heroes exist, there are also aliens, gods … There are some categories of Marvel heroes, such as:

• Mutants, which have a mutation of DNA. For example: the X-men are a group of Mutants.
• Heroes with powers victim of an accident. For example: captain America participated in a scientific experiment to create a super soldier. Spider-Man was bitten by a genetically modified spider. The fantastic four were exposed to a massive dose of cosmic radiation during a space mission.
• Powerless Heroes. For example: Iron man with his armor and his high-technology. Hawkeyes is an archer who never misses his target.
• Aliens or gods. For example: Thor is an Asgardian god. The eternals are a fictional race of super humans.

The competition between Marvel and DC comics

DC Comics was created in 1935 (nineteen thirty five) by Malcom Wheeler-Nicholson. It is a branch of Warner Bros. Warner bros is the creator of Looney toons. The main heroes of DC Comics are for example: Superman, Green arrow, Batman, wonder woman, green lantern … DC Comics is the same as Marvel Comics. Both are producers of comics. So they are competing with each other. Especially since the Walt Disney Company has purchased Marvel Comics, because Disney and Warner are competitors in cartoons and now also in comics.

The difference between DC comics characters and Marvel Characters is that the heroes of DC comics are only super humans; but the Marvel characters are heroes with complicated behaviors. They exploit fear and the questions of teenagers of the time.

With the results of the box office we can observe that there are more Marvel movies than DC Comics movies. In most cases Marvel movies have more success than the DC Comics movies.

The Ice Guardian

I would like to introduce to you my favorite player of ice hockey: “Fabulous Fab”

#33 Fabrice LHENRY

Nationality: French

Height: 180 cms         Weight: 82 kgs

Born: June 29, 1972

His real name is Fabrice LHENRY. He is a professional French ice hockey goaltender. He has played the majority of his career in France but he has also played in Germany, Italy and Denmark. So he’s an international goaltender! Fabrice has been a member of France National men’s ice hockey team from 1992 to 2013. Moreover, he participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the France National men’s ice hockey team.

Fabrice has played in Ligue Magnus for Dragons de Rouen from season 2009/2010 to current (we are waiting to know which team he’s going to join for the next season. I hope that will be Rouen!). During his career he has won many trophies and personal honors for example he was elected the best goaltenders of Ligue Magnus in 1996, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005.

It's an excellent goaltender and also a great man!
[Fabrice LHENRY, during the annual bowling, with the Dragons de Rouen and supporters, organised by an association of supporters]

The French "Dragons"

Let me introduce to you my fabulous team: Les Dragons de Rouen.

Winner of the French Cup in 2011

Rouen Hockey Elite 76, nicknamed the Dragons de Rouen, is a French club ice hockey playing in Ligue Magnus (highest level of the sport in France).

There has been a very good atmosphere! :D

Located in Rouen, Haute-Normandie, the team since its inception in 1982, one of the teams the most successful championship of France with twelve titel in almost 30 years of existence. After the first three seasons in the lower divisions, the club reached the elite French hockey since 1985 and not to leave it since. The team is the second team (after Amiens) with the most number of consecutive seasons spent in Ligue Magnus, another team to be successful outside the French mountainous areas.

This team is the best!!!
(players and supporters)

The Dragons are driven by Rodolphe Garnier, chaired by Thierry Chaix and evolve in the arena of Lacroix Island since January 1992. They were the first French ice hockey club to participate to the Continental Cup and the first French club to win on January 15, 2012 the Continental Cup.

Winner of the Continental Cup on January 15, 2012

My "Nationalfeiertag" in Vienna

This day, on the 26th October 2013, some friends and me went to Vienna to celebrate "the Nationalfeiertag". The Austrians celebrate this days to celebrate the neutrality of Austria declared on the 26th October 1955. It was my second time in Vienna - I love this city! This days was all a programm. We visited many things in only one day:

• The Parliament

There are so many people in front of the Parliament!

• The "Bundeskanzleramt" (The Federal Chancellery)

We have let a little message in the guess book :)

We met Werner Fayman, the Chancelor of Austria!

• The park

It's really high!

Many Many soldiers, who are very friendly 

It was really a good day! Unfortunately we had not enough time to visit all the buildings, which are opened only this special day.

Group Post: How to build a camera lucida - Rate the instructions

The instructional text "How to make a camera lucida" is not helpful at all, as there is a lot of information put together without any logical order. In one hand, the sentences are short and the author uses imperatives to make it easier to understand. But in the other hand, the instructions are divided into two paragraphs and not into steps, as it is mandatory in a instructional text. Moreover, there is not a purpose at the beginning of the text, neither the time it takes to build up the camera lucida, nor the list of materials needed. So, we do not know what is a camera lucida for and we do not know what do we need to build it, trying to guess it from the text and the drawings. Furthermore, there are not warnings specified about the use of some materials like the hot glue. The images are not related to the texts so you have to wonder and suppose what the drawings are trying to explain and which materials are represented on them. In summary it can be said that this instructional text is not clear at any point, and with a big lack of cohesion, making it difficult to understand the whole text.

- 207 words.

Mariña Fernández Reino, Chloé Cloison, Anaïs Auger.